Abstract
Traffic noise prediction models are required as aids in the design of
roads and sometimes in the assessment of existing, or envisaged
changes in, traffic noise conditions. In this research, traffic noise
and other key parameters (traffic composition, traffic volume and
speed) critical to traffic noise at the Central Business District of
Ondo town were investigated. Data on traffic composition, traffic
volume, speed and traffic noise levels were obtained and fitted into
the Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CoRTN) model which is a
standard traffic noise prediction model. Data collected showed that
the measured noise levels in equivalent noise level (Leq) for the
study locations ranged between 68 dB(A) and 76 dB(A); these
traffic noise levels exceed World Health Organization (WHO) and
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) permissible limit of 55
dB(A) and 60 dB(A) respectively. Results revealed that the
(CoRTN) model showed efficient predictive capability when
compared to measured noise levels with an acceptable coefficient
of determination (R2) value of 0.943.
Keywords:
CoRTN, Central Business District, Traffic noise, Ondo town.
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3rd International Conference on African Development Issues,
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Abstract
Soil excavation in clayey soils beside existing inhabited and/or
historical buildings represents a challenge to the geotechnical
engineers in many circumstances. The presence of ground water
above the excavation level makes the excavation more costly.
Many excavation support systems are available including; soldier
pile walls, sheet pile walls, secant piles, tangent piles, diaphragm
walls, etc. These techniques may be cost-effectively for large and
important projects while small projects represent the majority. The
restriction of the lateral movement of the soil underneath the
existing adjacent building represents the primary objective for any
excavation support system. The xcavation without support system
may be achieved by executing both the excavation and foundation
in stages to reduce the cost. This paper focuses on the
investigation of the boundary of the active zone of medium, stiff,
and very stiff clay soils in the vicinity of existing facilities by
numerical simulation. The horizontal distance of the boundary
(H), depends on many parameters including the vertical pressure
from the adjacent structure (q), the clay shear strength (c), the
excavation depth (de), and ground water depth (dw). For each clay
type a design chart was created representing the relationship
between the lateral safe distance of the active zone and the
excavation depth for a given surcharge pressure.
Keywords:
unsupported excavation, lateral displacement,
supporting systems.
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Abstract
A series of centrifuge tests with base shaking were conducted on
the 150 g-ton Centrifuge at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to
study the effect of biaxial base excitation on sand deposits, and to
evaluate and assess the performance of the newly commissioned 2D
shaker. The study used biaxial base shaking on loose and medium
dense sand deposits. Two centrifuge models of 32 and 26 cm-thick,
level, Nevada sand deposits, were built in 2D laminar box and
subjected to base excitation inflight at 25g to simulate 8 and 6.5 m
soil stratum in the field. The models were subjected to uniaxial and
biaxial base shakes using artificial and real earthquake records.
Several configurations of soil models were calibrated, including dry
and saturated models of various densities, using pore fluid with
viscosity 25 times higher than water, which was used to simulate
water saturated soil deposits in the field. It was found that the
acceleration amplitude increases as the base shake propagate
through the soil with noticeable difference between uniaxial (1D)
and biaxial (2D) models, and that the shaker is capable of applying
a variety the base excitations successfully with minimal differences
compared to the targeted input motion.
Keywords:
Centrifuge, 2D model Shaking, Physical modelling.
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Abstract
Most slope stability analyses are carried out in two dimensional
and consider plane strain conditions, which may favor slope
design, but it is not representative of site conditions when slope
geometry and pore water conditions are complex and material
properties vary over the width of slope. Translational landslides
have large difference in the mobilized shear strength on the end
vertical sides and back scarp as compared to the base of the failure
surface which produce significant differences in 3D and 2D
analyses. This introduces a deficiency in the analysis of
translational landslides as the current available 3D Limit
Equilibrium (LE) slope analysis software does not incorporate
shear resistance provided by the end vertical sides during slope
failure. As a consequence, 3D factor of safety is underestimated,
and back calculated shear strength of the soil is overestimated. In
order to incorporate side shear resistance in 3D stability analyses,
different researchers proposed different methods for this purpose.
This paper describes the importance of 3D analysis and end shear
side resistance in slope analyses of Translational landslides
through case studies and discusses the different methods for
incorporating side resistance in 3D LE analysis to make analysis
of translational slides more accurate and practically applicable.
Keywords:
3D Slope stability, Translational landslide, 3D Side
resistance, 3D Factor of safety, Slope stability case study.
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