Abstract
The soil strength parameters (cohesion and friction angle) applied
in the active aspect of retaining structure design or deep excavation
analysis are based on the results obtained from the traditional
drained or undrained axial compression triaxial shear test.
However, the axial compression test does not represent the real soil
lateral extension behavior for which such parameters are sought and
also the volume change behavior under drained condition. This
paper has presented a successful process to predict the lateral
extension behavior from a series of traditional axial compression
shear tests under multi-confining pressures. A modified version
of Hooke's law is employed herein to predict the drained
lateral extension behavior from a series of drained axial
compression test results associated with an isotropic rebound
volumetric change. The detail of the modified Hooke's law
applied in this research has well presented to support the
theoretical transfer process. The logical idea for the
prediction of the drained lateral extension strength from the
traditional drained axial compression test can be illustrated
through the development of stress paths that the stress path
of a drained lateral extension test can be intersected by many
other stress paths of the drained axial compression tests in
multi-combination of effective confining pressures. The
drained lateral extension test behavior of deviatoric stress
and volumetric strain versus axial strain curves which are
achieved from multi-tests applying in Nevada sand. The
fundamental behavior of interest in both the drained lateral
extension and the drained axial compression tests is the
stress-strain-strength behavior and the volume change. The
test results from the drained lateral extension tests are
successfully evaluated from a series of drained axial
compression tests response coupled with the sand's
associated drained isotropic rebound behavior.
Keywords:
lateral extension test, axial compression test, triaxial
shear test, stress path, Hook's law
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Abstract
The impact of pavement distresses on the comfort of road users
has been extensively studied so far, while little attention has been
paid to investigating their effect on road safety. Some types of
distresses, such as the polished aggregates of road pavements,
influence vehicle stopping distance. Some other types of distresses
influence the behavior of drivers due to the roughness they create
on the road surface. In this study, a model of driver behavior in
response to road roughness is calibrated which takes into account
the geometric aspects of distresses, traffic parameters and road
specifications. The behavior of drivers in response to road
roughness is categorized into the two states of non-reaction and
reaction (which includes either braking and crossing over
distresses or deviating from the path) and is analyzed using logit
model. The data which were collected through personal on-site
observation in Yazd city pertain to the following variables;
distress location, distress area, distress length, distress width,
distress type, distance from lining, average hourly traffic, the
average speed of vehicles, and the number of distresses within 100
meters. These data were collected from 15 randomly-selected
distress areas with arterial functionality for 450 vehicles passing
them. Based on the model results, a number of factors were found
to increase the likelihood of drivers' reactions when facing
distress areas. These factors include distress area, distress in fast
lanes, and the reduction of average hourly traffic.
Keywords:
driver behavior, logit model, pavement distress, road roughness.
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Abstract
In Ethiopia, many researches were done on characterizing
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shear strength behavior. The present study addresses examining
expansive soils in Arba Minch - a town in the Rift Valley with great
portion of its terrain covered by the same soil but not considered
previously. Laboratory-testing program was planned and performed
on undisturbed soil samples taken from 10 locations for swelling
pressure testing; and among these, one pit was allotted for
unsaturated shear strength study. The laboratory test results
revealed swelling pressure ranges from 74.53 to 571.29 kPa,
Plasticity Index from 49 to 77%, Shrinkage Index from 81 to 117%
and Free Swell from 94.0 to 165.0%. The results from unsaturated
shear strength tests performed with a 50kN modified double wall
triaxial machine on an undisturbed sample setting matric suction
100 kPa, 150 kPa and 200kPa for an effective consolidation
pressure of 200kPa have clearly indicated the saturated case to yield
smaller shear strength than the unsaturated one. The maximum
deviator stress showed to increase from 107.61kPa to 174.35kPa
with an increase in matric suction but the shape of the stress-strain
diagram remained identical.
Keywords:
Unsaturated Shear Strength, Expansive Soil, Laboratory Testing, Swelling Behavior
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Abstract
Checking traffic rule observation by vehicles play an important
role in every day transportation handling either for intra- or intercity
travels. Also, image processing plays a great role in modern
intelligent transportation system (ITS). One of the most advance
ways for traffic management and rules observation studies is
employing live surveillance camera videos. In this paper, a new
approach toward automatic detection of traffic rules violation
based on image processing techniques is proposed. The proposed
method applies innovative image processing techniques for live
traffic surveillance target. Based on these techniques, the moving
objects including cars and pedestrians are detected, tracked and
observed. At first, some preprocessing steps employed for
discrimination of foreground from background of surveillance
video frames. For tracking purpose, a modified Munkres version
of Hungarian algorithm is applied to Kalman filtering to provide
tracking predictions for detected moving objects. The tracks of
detected moving objects are analyzed and if any traffic rule
violation takes place, they will be detected and reported
automatically. The implementation results related to the proposed
method demonstrates its high performance and applicability for
real traffic rule violation detection.
Keywords:
Asphalt Mixture, Performance, Cost Impact, Environmental
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