Abstract
Unsaturated expansive soils are recognized as one of the most
problematic soils owing to its swelling-shrinkage characteristics.
The presence of such soils in highway/railway embankments,
slopes and earthen dam sites manifests various critical issues
during and after the construction of structures. The current
research aims on the evaluation of the suction, swelling and
collapsible characteristics of four expansive soils possessing
different expansiveness and mineralogical composition. A series
of constant volume swell pressure, double-oedometer and incontact
filter paper tests were performed on four different
expansive soils to acquire swelling pressure, collapse potential
and matric suction at different degree of saturation. Swelling
pressure, collapse potential and matric suction of all expansive
soils degraded substantially with increment in the degree of
saturation. The results revealed significant impact of magnitude of
matric suction on volumetric deformation (swell and collapse)
behavior of expansive soils. Swelling and collapse potential were
observed to be higher for the expansive soils with larger matric
suction. Higher matric suction governed the water intake within
interlayer spacing of the Montmorillonite mineral present in
expansive soil, which contributed to higher crystalline swelling
response. Larger collapse potential indicated development of
larger localized deformations within the soil mass owing to higher
matric suction.
Keywords:
Expansive, Unsaturated, Matric suction, Swell
Pressure, Collapse Potential
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Abstract
In this paper, the partial differential equations of equilibrium for
thin rectangular anisotropic plates resting on elastic foundations
are derived from fundamental principles of the theory of elasticity.
The derivations were done by simultaneous first principles
consideration of the requirements of kinematic relations, material
constitutive relations, and the differential equations of static
equilibrium. The derivation considered transverse distributed load
on the plate domain, and inplane loads. Orthotropic plate on
elastic foundation equations and isotropic plate on elastic
foundation equations were obtained as special cases of anisotropic
plates on elastic foundations.
Keywords:
Anisotropic plate, orthotropic plate, isotropic plate,
elastic foundation.
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Abstract
It is well known that the use of by-products (recycled), instead of
natural materials help toward more environmentally friendly roads
by easing landfill pressures and reducing demand of extraction.
Correspondingly, this paper deals with evaluating the mechanical
performance of new developed hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures
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materials). The paper sheds light on the long-term performance of
the new developed mixtures using the accelerated load testing
facilities available at VTI (the Swedish National Road and
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given in this article are part of ALTERPAVE European -project
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namely, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), foundry sand and
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composition of the best asphalt mixtures made mainly of
industrial wastes that can substitute the asphalt mixtures made of
natural aggregates. Using the circular road simulator (CRS),
twenty- eight asphalt slabs were prepared using natural and
industrial by-products and tested under different testing
conditions. The CRS test has been used to assess the surface
deterioration, wear and the changes in macrotextures of the tested
asphalt slabs under wheel loading in dry or wet conditions and
under different testing temperatures to simulate summer and
winter seasons. In addition, studless and studded tires have been
used to traffic the asphalt slabs during the CRS testing to simulate
the current roads conditions in different European countries. The
test results demonstrated that by controlling the homogeneity of
recycled material and by using rejuvenators of suitable quality and
quantity, it is possible to obtain paving mixtures with high content
of recycled materials that can satisfactory substitute the
conventional asphalt mixtures made of natural materials.
Keywords:
Accelerated load testing; Foundry sand; Hot mix
asphalt; Reclaimed asphalt pavement; Steel slag.
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Abstract
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) will be the next technological leap
for urban mobility. The question for decision makers and city
leaders is whether they contribute to achieving progressive social,
environmental, and economic targets or achieve the opposite. AVs
offer benefits such as safety, convenience, and enhanced mobility
for the young, the elderly, and the disabled. However, AVs
themselves will not relieve traffic congestion and in fact could
exacerbate traffic and increase vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
unless clear regulations and policies are adopted to manage their
use. In this paper, we outline the four transport planning tools that
are used to relieve traffic congestion: (1) land use measures, (2)
transportation demand management, (3) transportation system
management, and (4) road widening/new roads. We address how
AVs will complement or disrupt the effective use of these tools
and conclude that the tools must be overhauled with the advent of
automated mobility. Policy recommendations are provided for
each tool. In addition, we briefly discuss the new safety challenges
posed by integrating AVs into traffic.
Keywords:
Autonomous Vehicles; Transportation Demand
Management; Transportation System Management; Sprawl
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